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Il est habituellement entendu que la litterature est destinee a la publication en livre, qui seule confererait a l’auteur sa vraie legitimite. Or cette vision traditionnelle fausse la realite historique: non seulement une masse ecrasante de textes ‘litteraires’ est publiee exclusivement dans les periodiques, mais, dans le cas specifique de la France, la presse reste pendant la plus grande part du 19e siecle le mode privilegie de publication. Meme si, dans les premieres decennies du 20e siecle, les relations vont se reequilibrer entre le periodique et le non-periodique, cette hegemonie provisoire du periodique dans la communication litteraire joue un role determinant dans l’emergence de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler la ‘modernite’: au point qu’on peut soutenir, malgre l’idee recue, que la litterature est alors devenue, a son corps defendant, un phenomene mediatique. C’est donc une reinterpretation globale de l’histoire litteraire, consideree par le prisme des modes de publication, qui est ici esquissee, aussi bien du point de vue de ses fondements theoriques que, plus concretement, de sa periodisation pour les 19e–21e siecles. *** It is usually understood that literary publication is intended for books, which alone would confer on the author true legitimacy. However this traditional view distorts historical reality: not only an overwhelming mass of ‘literary’ texts is published exclusively in periodicals, but also, in the specific case of France, the press remains for most of the nineteenth century the privileged mode of publication. Even though, in the first decades of the twentieth century, relations will have found a new balance between periodical and the non-periodical forms, the provisional hegemony of the periodical in literary communication plays a decisive part in the emergence of what is conventionally known as ‘modernity’: to the point that it may be argued, despite the common misconception, that literature has become, against its own will, a media phenomenon. Thus, it is a global reinterpretation of literary history that is sketched here, seen through the prism of publication modes, both from the point of view of its theoretical foundations and, more concretely, of its periodization for the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries.

La littérature, entre livre et périodique (19e–21e siècles)