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The requirements of risk assessment and management in ship operations, being introduced by the International Safety Management Code, Maritime Labor Convention 2006, as well as by the Manila Amendments 2010 to 1978 International Convention on Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers and its associated Code, should be considered as effective solutions made by the International Maritime Organization and International Labor Organization, which designed improve safety at sea and protection of the marine environment, as well as, without a doubt, to raise the quality of seafarers. Risk assessment, as a process that precedes decision-making in ship operations, plays a significant role in motivating a deeper study of all aspects of professional competencies, and requires quality training both ashore and on board the ship. Otherwise, inadequate and unprofessional risk assessment in ship operations executed by ship officers, might be the cause of a wrong decision that can do harm. In risk assessment and risk management processes, the essential role is assigned to the Human Factor, which currently is the main cause of all accidents at sea. Due to the difficulty of formalization the Human Factor, it is not included in ship's risk assessment matrices, although it is the cause of most accidents. Formalization of the Human Factor within its influence on risk assessment is possible either using probabilistic mechanisms or qualitative approaches and both of them, undoubtedly introduce additional difficulties for the seafarer in adequate perception and understanding of the essence of risk. The paper proposes method of expanding the risk assessment matrix into the Human Factor area. This expansion is based on a combination of formal safety assessment methodology applied by International Maritime Organization and statistical proportions, known as Heinrich's Law. The risk assessment matrix is expanded by two categories of consequences of incidents, as" mental tension "and" stress", which appear in humans on the basis of the awareness of such situations as "unsafe working conditions, unsafe acts" and "near miss incidents".

vestnik gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rečnogo flota imeni admirala s. o. makarova/vestnik gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rečnogo flota imeni admirala s.o. makarova

HEINRICH�S LAW: EXPANSION OF RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX INTO HUMAN FACTOR AREA