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O conhecimento, enquanto fator capaz de exercer influencia sobre as atitudes, e um pre-requisito fundamental nos programas de prevencao dos comportamentos sexuais de risco. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para avaliar os conhecimentos dos adolescentes sobre a sexualidade. O Questionario de Conhecimentos sobre Sexualidade pretende avaliar os conhecimentos num continuum de dificuldade e distinguir os alunos com diferentes niveis de saberes. A amostra foi constituida por 1545 adolescentes com uma media de 16 anos (DP=1.80) que frequentam a escola. Os resultados evidenciam que as raparigas estao mais informadas do que os rapazes, e que os jovens portugueses com mais de 15 anos, sem religiao, com mais de 5 anos de educacao sexual na escola e que tiveram a mae como educadora sexual sao os que tem mais conhecimentos sobre a sexualidade. As atitudes dos adolescentes em relacao ao preservativo mostraram estar associadas aos conhecimentos e os adolescentes que usaram preservativo no ultimo encontro sexual revelaram niveis mais elevados de conhecimentos.  Palavras-chave: Conhecimentos; Educacao Sexual; Adolescentes; Questionario ABSTRACT Knowledge, as a factor that exerts influence on attitudes, is a fundamental prerequisite in prevention programs of risky sexual behaviours. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument that would assess the knowledge that adolescents have about sexuality. The Knowledge about Sexuality Questionnaire assesses the knowledge in a difficulty continuum and also the distinction of students with different levels of knowledge. The sample was composed by 1545 adolescents with a mean age of 16 years (SD=1.80) that attend school. The results show that girls are more informed than boys, and that Portuguese adolescents older than 15, without religion, with more than 5 years of sexual education in school and having their mothers as sexual educators are the ones with more knowledge about sexuality. The attitudes of the adolescents towards the use of condom are associated with the knowledge they have about it and the adolescents that used condom in their last sexual relation reveal higher levels of knowledge.  Keywords: Knowledge; Sexual Education; Adolescents; Questionnaire

Conhecimentos sobre sexualidade: Construção e validação de um instrumento de avaliação para adolescentes em contexto escolar