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A 31-year-old woman presented 1993 with fever, painful swelling of cartilaginous portions of the ears and the bridge of nose, polyarthralgia including costochondroral pains, and episcleritis. She has been taking propylthiouracil since 1991 when she was diagnosed as Graves' disease. Laboratory evaluations revealed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 133 mm/h, a high CRP level of 13.2 mg/dl and positive antinuclear antibodies and anti-type II collagen antibodies. Histopathological findings of the biopsy specimen from the auricular cartilage included chondrocyte degeneration, matrix destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration. She was diagnosed as RP and treatment with 30 mg/day of prednisolone dramatically improved all symptoms and signs, accompanied by a fall in ESR, CRP and autoantibodies. When prednisolone was tapered to 5 mg/day, a clinical relapse occurred. After discontinuation of propylthiouracil, she has been well without prednisolone. Propylthiouracil-induced SLE-like syndrome or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) related angitis has been reported previously. In addition, recent studies demonstrated that about 20% of sera from patients with relapsing polychondritis are P-ANCA positive. This is the first report suggesting a possible association between the development of relapsing polychondritis and propylthiouracil.

Relapsing polychondritis developing in a patient with Graves' disease: A possible association with propylthiouracil.