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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) administration has recently been assessed as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic diseases including brain ischemia because of its angiogenic effect. However, VEGF also causes detrimental adverse effects by increasing vascular permeability. This study examined whether plasmid human VEGF (phVEGF) administration induced angiogenic effects in the rat brain ischemia model caused by permanent ligation of both common carotid arteries, and investigated the occurrence of adverse effects. Administration of various doses (0-200 microg) of phVEGF in the temporal muscle was followed by encephalo-myo-synangiosis. Thirty days after treatment, the numbers and areas of capillaries per field in the extracted brains were analyzed with the National Institutes of Health Image software program. The maximal angiogenic effect occurred with a 100 microg dose of phVEGF in the numbers and areas of capillaries in the VEGF-treated brains. Histological examination showed no apparent adverse effects in the brain parenchyma even at the highest administration dose (200 microg) of phVEGF. The maximal angiogenic effect at the optimal dose of phVEGF can be considered under the threshold to cause serious adverse effects in the rat brain.

Optimal Dose of Plasmid Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Enhancement of Angiogenesis in the Rat Brain Ischemia Model