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iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  v LIST OF TABLES  xi LIST OF FIGURES  xii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION  1 1.1. Background  1 1.2. Research Problem Statement  3 1.3. Research Goal and Approach  4 1.4. Objectives  6 1.5. Dissertation Organization  6 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW  8 2.1. Permeable Reactive Biobarrier (PRBB)  8 2.2. Groundwater Contaminants  10 2.3. BTEX Physical and Chemical Properties  11 2.4. Discontinuous Plumes of BTEX in the Groundwater  13 2.5. Biodegradation and Bioremediation of BTEX  15 2.5.1. Anaerobic BTEX Metabolic Pathways  15 2.5.2. Substrate Interactions Among BTEX During Anaerobic Degradation .. 20 2.5.3. Anaerobic Bioremediation of BTEX Mixtures  22 2.6. Bioaugmentation by Enricher Reactors (ER)  23 2.7. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)  26 2.7.1. Cluster Analysis  28 viii 2.7.2. SSCP and Bioremediation  29 CHAPTER 3. GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION USING ENRICHER REACTOR PERMEABLE REACTIVE BIOBARRIER FOR PERIODICALLY ABSENT CONTAMINANTS  30 3.

In situ Groundwater Remediation Using Enricher Reactor – Permeable Reactive Biobarrier