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The purposes of this manuscript were to discuss the propelling hydrodynamics in human tethered swimming, and its application to strength evaluation and to approach power-time limit model (P-tLim) in tethered-crawl (PuTeth-tLim). Physiological and mechanical characteristics of tethered and free swimming have shown to be very similar, and thus teth- ered swimming is a reliable condition for evaluation and training. Hydrodynamics assumptions for hydrofoil in free swimming were applied for tethered swimming to support the power-time limit model reproduction. Critical power in crawl-tethered (PuTethCrit) was shown to be closely related to the critical velocity determined during free swimming and performance of competitive distances ranged from 200 to 1500-m. These results recognize the PuTeth-tLim model as a suit- able method to reproduce P-tLim model in swimming, but the reliability of the PuTethCrit as an index of aerobic capacity, and training intensity must be explored in further researches.

Mathematical Basis for Modeling Swimmer Power Output in the Front Crawl Tethered Swimming: An Application to Aerobic Evaluation