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The germination of Ferula ovina seeds faces certain problems. The present research was designed to study the promotion of the germination of Ferula ovina seeds by moist-chilling and GA3 applications. The results showed that Ferula ovina seeds display an endogenous dormancy that can be released by moist-chilling treatment for a certain period. In this respect, the best treatment was moist-chilling for 6 weeks at 5 ± 1 °C or for 4 weeks of moist-chilling followed by soaking in 500 ppm GA3 solution for 24 h. These treatments significantly increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination (T50) compared to control. Also, the characteristics of the obtained seedlings were much better than those of control. Moreover, the 6-week moist-chilled seeds contained the highest soluble protein concentration. The combination between GA3 and moist-chilling treatments produced different effects on seed germination, soluble protein depending on the length of the moist-chilling period. GA3 application on un-chilled seeds improves the germination process. The concentration of soluble inorganic phosphorus of the tested seeds was negative (r = 0.88, p<0.05) while, the concentration of soluble organic phosphorus positively (r = 0.93, P<0.05) correlated with the germination percentage. It was concluded that treatment of moist-chilling for 6 weeks or 4 weeks followed by 500 ppm GA3 is recommended for promoting the germination process of Ferula ovina seeds and improving growth characteristics of the subsequent seedlings.

The Effect Mechanism of Moist-Chilling and GA3 on Seed Germination and Subsequent Seedling Growth of Ferula ovina Boiss