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Researchers have gained substantial insight into mechanisms of synaptic transmission, hyperexcitability, excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration within the last decades. Voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels are of central relevance in these processes. In particular, they are key elements in the etiopathogenesis of numerous seizure types and epilepsies. Earlier studies predominantly targeted on Ca v 2.1 P/Q-type and Ca v 3.2 T-type Ca 2+ channels relevant for absence epileptogenesis. Recent findings bring other channels entities more into focus such as the Ca v 2.3 R-type Ca 2+ channel which exhibits an intriguing role in ictogenesis and seizure propagation. Ca v 2.3 R-type voltage gated Ca 2+ channels (VGCC) emerged to be important factors in the pathogenesis of absence epilepsy, human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and cellular epileptiform activity, e.g . in CA1 neurons. They also serve as potential target for various antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine and topiramate.

Review: Cav2.3 R-type Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels - Functional Implications in Convulsive and Non-convulsive Seizure Activity