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Nearly half of the high level radioactive waste stored at Hanford is composed of highly alkaline concentrates referred to as either salt cakes or Double-Shell Slurry (DSS), depending on their compositions and processing histories. The major components of these concentrates are water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salts of nitrate, nitrite, aluminate, carbonate, phosphate, and sulfate. In addition, there are varying amounts of assorted organic salts such as EDTA, glycolate, and citrate. Although measurements of the bulk properties of these wastes (e.g. viscosity, gel point, density) have been reported, little is known about how the macroscopic characteristics are related to the microscopic physico-chemical properties. Viscosity, solids volume percent, and gas retention can dramatically change with relatively small changes in composition and temperature. Furthermore, these same properties are important in determining safe storage conditions as well as in planning retrieval, pretreatment, and disposal of the wastes. The focus of this effort will be on aluminate chemistry since large inventories of waste with aluminum are located at Hanford and Savannah River and little is known about the microstructure of these complex mixtures

Microstructural Properties of High Level Waste Concentrates and Gels with Raman And Infrared Spectroscopies