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The effects on phase separation and emulsion formation of variables present in the caustic washing of solvent in the caustic-side solvent extraction process have been investigated. The evaluation program was performed in two experiments; results of the first experiment were used to determine conditions for the second test. In the first experiment, the effects of solvent degradation product concentrations (4-sec-butylphenol and dioctylamine), wash solution NaOH concentration, and solvent-to-wash solution volume ratio (O:A) on phase separation were examined. Phase separation performance was quantified in terms of the dimensionless dispersion number, which is also a variable used in the prediction of centrifugal contactor performance by computational means. In the second experiment, phase separation performance in a 5-cm centrifugal contactor was investigated as a function of contactor speed, aqueous-phase NaOH concentration, and solvent-to-wash volume ratio. Separation performance was quantified in terms of the maximum throughput that could be achieved without resulting in &gt;1% contamination of either effluent phase with the opposing phase. Results of the first experiment indicated that none of the variables considered affected phase separation performance at a 95% significance level and that dioctylamine concentration was the only single factor that affected phase separation at a 90% significance level. The results do indicate 90% significance for interaction effects between NaOH concentration and O:A and between NaOH concentration and 4-sec-butylphenol concentration. However, none of the dispersion numbers obtained were inconsistent with values obtained in previous studies of CSSX solvent formulations. Results of contactor performance tests indicated that acceptable phase separation was achieved at relatively high throughputs over a range of O:A ratios and wash solution NaOH concentrations. Emulsion formation during contactor operation was observed only under off-normal conditions. Taken together, the results of the work described in this report indicate that from the perspective of phase separation efficiency, CSSX solvent washing can be performed over a range of conditions. Consequently, contaminant removal considerations should not be affected by hydraulic performance concerns in the selection of parameters for solvent treatment

Investigation of Emulsion Formation in Solvent Washing in the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process