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A three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic framework model has been built for the use of hydrologic modelers who are tasked with developing a model to determine how contaminants are transported by groundwater flow in an area of complex geology. The area of interest includes Pahute Mesa, a former nuclear testing area at the Nevada Test Site, and Oasis Valley, a groundwater discharge area down-gradient from contaminant source areas on Pahute Mesa. The model area is large (over 2,700 square kilometers) and geologically complex, including Mesozoic-age thrust faults, at least 6 Tertiary-age calderas, several intrusive bodies, and many relatively recent basin-and-range normal faults. This modeling effort builds on more than 30 years of previous hydrogeologic studies in this area. Published and unpublished data from geophysical investigations, surface geologic maps, and nearly 200 drill holes were used to develop a hydrostratigraphic framework that will form the foundation for subsequent groundwater flow and contaminant transport models. This work was done in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office Underground Test Area Program. To build the framework model, the Nevada Test Site hydrogeologic framework was integrated with an extensive collection of drill-hole data (stratigraphic, lithologic, and alteration data); a structural model; and several recent geophysical, geological, and hydrological studies to formulate a hydrostratigraphic system. The authors organized the volcanic units in the model area into 40 hydrostratigraphic units that include 16 aquifers, 13 confining units, and 11 composite units (units containing both aquifer and confining unit rocks). The underlying preTertiary rocks were divided into six hydrostratigraphic units, including two aquifers and four confining units. The model depicts the thickness, extent, and geometric relationships of these hydrostratigraphic units (“layers” in the model) along with all the major structural features that control them, including calderas and faults. The complexity of the model area and the non-uniqueness of some of the interpretations incorporated into the base model made it necessary to address alternative interpretations for some of the major features in the model. Six of these alternatives were developed so they could be modeled in the same fashion as the base model.

osti oai (u.s. department of energy office of scientific and technical information)

A Hydrostratigraphic Model and Alternatives for the Groundwater Flow and Containment Transport Model of Corrective Action Units 101 and 102: Central and Western Pahute Mesa, Nye County, Nevada