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EOS9nT is a new TOUGH2 module for the simulation of flow and transport of an arbitrary number n of non-volatile tracers (solutes and/or colloids) in the subsurface. The module first solves the Richards equation, which describes saturated or unsaturated water flow in subsurface formations, and obtains the flow regime. A second set of transport equations, corresponding to the n tracers/colloids, are then solved sequentially. The very low concentrations of the n tracers are considered to have no effect on the density of the liquid phase, thus making possible the decoupling of the transport from the flow equations. The n tracer transport equations account for sorption, radioactive decay, advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, molecular diffusion, filtration (for colloids only), first-order chemical reactions, and colloid-assisted tracer transport. A total of n – 1 daugter products of radioactive decay can be tracked. EOS9nT can handle gridblocks of irregular geometry in 3-D domains, and offers the option of a Laplace space formulation of the transport equations (in additionto conventional timestepping) after the flow field becomes time-invariant. The Laplace transform formulation eliminates the need for time discretization and the problems stemming from the treatment of the time derivatives in the transport equations, and yields solutions semi-analytical in time. An unlimited time step size is thus possible without loss of accuracy. In this report we discuss the mathematical basis of the processes and phenomena simulated by EOS9nT, and provide a user’s manual for the implementation of the module. The performance of the module is verified by using several verification problems, which show an excellent agreement between the numerical predictions and the known analytical solutions.

EOS9NT: A TOUGH2 module for the simulation of water flow and solute/colloid transport in the subsurface