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Chromium is one of the heavy metals that has adverse effects on microbes and treatment processes. The toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of chromium has led to the concern about its effects in the environment. Even though chromium occurs in various oxidation states, hexavalent and trivalent forms are the most significant compounds. Hexavent chromium is mobile in soil, more toxic, and penetrates more readily into the cell membranes than the trivalent form. Many factors like the biotic and abiotic factors in the environment, and characteristics of the pollutant influence the toxicity of chromium on microorganisms. The adverse effects of chromium can be seen in many microbe-mediated processes including carbon mineralization, nitrogen transformation and mineralization of phosphorous and sulfir. The presence of chromium decreases microbial populations and also affects microbial respiration. Chromium is found to be both toxic and mutagenic to various microorganisms.

Chromium Toxicity Effects on Microorganisms and Treatment Processes