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For a simply-supported, rectangular beam suddenly heated on one of its surfaces by surrounding air, both elongational and flexural thermal distortions occur. For steel beams of order 10 to 30 cm thick and about 3 m long, flexural displacements, developing in minutes, occur much faster than elongational displacements which occur in hours. The rapid response of the flexural modes is caused by the early-time surface heating of the side of the beam exposed to the suddenly-heated, warmer air. The slower response of the elongation modes is a consequence of a much slower change in the average temperature of the beam. At a span of 3.05 m, the maximum steady state flexural distortions in micrometers were 0.22, 0.78 and 1.56 for respective one-sided air temperature changes in degrees C of 0.28, 1 and 2

Structural stability of a rectangular, simply-supported beam subject to a sudden air temperature change next to one surface