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The initial goal of the three-dimensional (3-D) vertical seismic profiling (VSP) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was to characterize seismic wave velocities and frequencies below the vadose zone in order to design the acquisition geometry for a high-resolution 3-D seismic reflection survey. VSPs are also used routinely to link surface seismic data with well logs. However, a test of the two-dimensional (2-D) seismic line recorded at the LLNL Livermore Site in the spring of 1994 indicated that obtaining high-quality reflection images below the vadose zone, but shallower than about 160 ft, would require an expensive, very finely sampled survey ({gt} 1-m receiver spacing). This paper presents the difficulties encountered during initial data acquisition and processing, and attempts to alleviate the difficulties in the field and laboratory

osti oai (u.s. department of energy office of scientific and technical information)

Vertical seismic profiling at Borehole B-1015, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Motivation, data acquisition, data analysis, and formation velocities