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Determination of layer charge of micas by /sup 235/U fission particle tracks (thermal neutron activated) was completed by a development of a unique method of UO/sup 2 +/ saturation at pH 2.4 and removal of excess salts physically. The U content and age-dating of soil micas was also accomplished by fission particle counting. Thermodynamic metastability of micaceous vermiculite in soils with reversible mica-vermiculite reactions were found to result in extremely tenacious natural fixation of Cs/sup +/ in soil fine fractions and weathering rock, a model for /sup 137/Cs/sup +/ retention. Visual models for Cs/sup +/ fixation were obtained as structural layer images of micaceous vermiculite wedges in clays, including kaolinites. Diverse divalent cations were found to adsorb specifically (i.e., in lM NaNO/sub 3/) on hydrous oxides of Fe and Al, materials common in soils and capable of ''holding up'' /sup 90/Sr/sup 2 +/, /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/, and other fission products from free movement in groundwaters. Aerosol size quartz (1 to 10 ..mu..m), from dusts containing Cs/sup +/ fixing micaceous vermiculites, was characterized by oxygen isotopic ratio analysis and the ratios found useful in tracing dust provenance. Quartz of chert origin was revealed electron microscopically as clusters of fine subhedralmore » crystals. Of the 20 elements measured in Cretaceous shales La, Sm, Ba, and Hf showed trends in concentration from igneous shore line to central basin, correlative with change in oxygen isotopic ratio.« less

osti oai (u.s. department of energy office of scientific and technical information)

Exchange of lyotropic series cations by micaceous vermiculite and its weathering products determined by electron microscopy and radiochemical analysis. Progress report, August 1, 1972--July 31, 1973