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Low-frequency electromagnetic simulation models have a wide range of industrial applications. We have built several models, differentiated by slightly different physics approximations or computational solution methods, that have proven quite useful in a variety of applications. Our models been used to investigate beam plasma interactions in ICF targets, antenna plasma coupling in plasma processing, and magnetic implosion drive in Z-pinch pulsed power generators. The common feature of these models is that they retain inductive effects but implicitly ignore computationally intensive, fully electromagnetic effects. However, the preponderance of our work has been limited to only two dimensions. We have made significant progress modeling low-frequency electromagnetic physics with a new model in 2-D that is now capable of modeling antenna structures in 3-D. Although LLNL`s interest in plasma processing has diminished, we have certainly added to LLNL`s capabilities. Interestingly, we have already found another application, the magnetic behavior of read/write heads in the magnetic storage industry, that can make use of many of the computational methods described here, rewarding us again for maintaining a strong core competency in low-frequency EM plasmas

Extension to 3-D of the low-frequency electromagnetic plasma simulation models, LDRD Final Report 95-ERD-036