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'This research is aimed at improving methods for characterizing underground contamination sites and for monitoring how they change with time. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying and quantifying the effects of intrinsic remediation, and verifying the efficacy of engineered remediation activities. Isotopic measurements of elements like C, O, H, He, Cl, and Sr, which are present in groundwater and soil gas, provide a quantitative measure of material balance. They can be used to identify the sites of origin of contaminants in groundwater, and to determine if contaminants are being destroyed as a result of natural processes or engineered processes. Isotope ratios can also be used to trace the migration of fluids that are pumped down wells to destroy or confine underground contaminants, such as steam and grout, and they can be used to diagnose what chemical reactions are occuring underground and what materials are reacting. For example, destruction of TCE usually produces carbon dioxide, but carbon dioxide can also come from dissolution of calcite. There are many isotopic ratios that can be measured in groundwater and vadose zone gas that could be valuable for characterizing remediation sites and monitoring remediation activities. The authors concentrate on a few that are particularly useful for the problems being addressed at the TAN (Test Area North) and RWMC (Radioactive Waste Management Complex) sites of the Idaho National Engineering Lab.. The isotopes the authors are using are carbon-13, carbon-14, helium-3, strontium-87, chlorine-37, and oxygen-18.

osti oai (u.s. department of energy office of scientific and technical information)

Evaluation of isotopic diagnostics for subsurface characterization and monitoring: Field experiments at the TAN and RWMC (SDA) Sites, INEL. 1998 annual progress report