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5 FORWARD  6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  12 Summary of Results  15 Introduction  18 Chapter 1 1.1	   Background  18 1.2	   Overall Approach  18 1.3	   Report Organization  21 Methodology  22 Chapter 2 2.1	   Electrical Energy Consumption Estimation by Manufacturing Plant  22 2.2	   Daily Load Curve Development for Industrial Processes  25 2.3	   Selection of Top Industrial Subsectors for DR Analysis  28 2.4	   Flexibility Factors  30 2.4.1	   Industrial Load Types  31 2.4.2	   Derivation of the Industrial Demand Response Flexibility-Factor (IDRFF)  31 2.5	   Assumptions  33 Results  36 Chapter 3 3.1	   Industrial DR Profiles Aggregation in Western Interconnect (WI)  36 3.2	   Industrial Plants in WI Region  37 3.2.1	   BAA Summaries  38 CONCLUSIONS, AND FUTURE RESEARCH  49 Chapter 4 4.1	   Conclusions  49 4.2	   Future Research  49 References  50 APPENDIX A	   Industrial Energy Estimation Approach  54 A.1	   Abstract  54 A.2	   Introduction  54 A.3	   Tool Development Methodology  55 A.4	   Database Querying  55 A.5	   Data Filtering Process  57 8 A.6	   Statistical Model Development  59 A.7	   Electricity Intensity (ELI)  60 A.8	   User Interface  61 A.9	   Case Study  64 A.10	   Conclusion  66 APPENDIX B	   Load Curve Development  68 B.1	   Genetic Algorithms (GA) Method to Create the LOAD Curve  68 B.2	   Scaling Per Unitized Load Curve  70 B.3	   Breakdown of Load Curve Based on Process Steps  70 B.4	   Graphical Representation of Manufacturing Plants  72 APPENDIX C	   Demand Response Potential in Industrial Sector  74

Assessment of Industrial Load for Demand Response across U.S. Regions of the Western Interconnect