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iii The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of Alstom Grid Inc., a subcontractor of the U.S. Cover image courtesy of Alstom Grid. v FOREWORD A variety of studies have recently evaluated the opportunities for the large-scale integration of wind energy into the U.S. power system. These studies have included, but are not limited to, " 20 Percent Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy's Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply " , the " Western Wind and Solar Integration Study " , and the " Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study. " Each of these U.S. based studies have evaluated a variety of activities that can be undertaken by utilities to help integrate wind energy. The integration of wind energy into the power grid introduces additional variability and uncertainty into grid operations beyond that created by system load. It has been said by some in the utility industry that the integration of large amounts of wind energy into the power grid requires a paradigm shift in how the grid is operated. The following report provides an evaluation of how system operations worldwide are changing in response to increases in wind penetration. It provides unique insights into what has worked well, what has not, and how operators see the future of their responsibilities changing as we introduce more wind into the grid. While there is no " silver bullet " solution to successful wind integration that applies to all power systems, experience from actual operators provides some of the most valuable feedback on how operations are changing, what tools are needed, and which actions are providing the most benefit. This report constitutes the first time grid operators from across the globe have provided consolidated feedback on how wind energy is affecting them and what concrete measures are being taken to manage the system in the face of the increased challenges posed by the increased variability and uncertainty presented by wind generation. The U.S. Department of Energy is pleased to support this project through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, to enable such valuable information to be provided to the utility industry as a whole.

Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Control Centers for Reliable Grid Operations