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espanolEl valle de Santa Maria se situa en el sector septentrional de las Sierras Pampeanas del Noroeste Argentino. A pesar de sus caracteristicas aridas, en el pasado albergo importantes poblaciones prehispanicas que pudieron sustentarse mediante la explotacion agropastoril de este ambiente, aprovechando fluctuaciones de mayor humedad. El estudio de los registros morfosedimentarios fluvio-eolicos de los sectores de El Paso y Cafayate han proporcionado datos de interes para una aproximacion a la reconstruccion paleoambiental regional durante el Holoceno superior. Para ello se han utilizado tecnicas geomorfologicas, estratigraficas, arqueologicas y cronologicas (radiocarbono y fuentes documentales complementadas con edades OSL previas). La intercalacion de cenizas volcanicas tambien ha permitido correlaciones cronologicas al ser utilizadas como niveles guias. A partir de estos datos se dedujeron alternancias de periodos humedos y secos a lo largo de los ultimos 2800 anos. Durante las fases mas humedas la estabilidad geomorfica fue suficiente para permitir el desarrollo de suelos y una mejor cobertura vegetal, favoreciendo la ocupacion humana. Para la interpretacion paleoambiental se han utilizado cronozonas bien definidas en Europa, al no haber denominaciones propias del continente sudamericano. Dentro de la secuencia evolutiva paleoambiental destacan los periodos humedos establecidos regionalmente hacia 2800-2500 BP, periodo intermedio Romano (80-280 AD) y la LALIA (Late Antique Little Ice Age) (536-660 AD), mientras que las fases secas abarcan la Epoca Romana y la Anomalia Calida Medieval. Por otra parte, para el ultimo milenio se reconocen fases de reactivacion de dunas en torno a los anos 1000, 1350, 1650 y 1770 AD separados por fluctuaciones mas humedas, algunas evidenciadas por la presencia de un paleosuelo (siglo XV) y por datos documentales historicos (siglos XVII-XVIII). EnglishThe Santa Maria valley is located in the northern sector of the Sierras Pampeanas in Northwest Argentina. In spite of its arid characteristics, it was a densely populated area during the Pre-hispanic period. The populations developed an agropastoral economy, taking advantage of the wetter epochs that characterized some periods. The study of fluvio-aeolian records of the El Paso and Cafayate areas yielded interesting data for regional paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Geomorphological maps, field surveys, and archaeological digs were complemented with the detailed stratigraphic record of several points, together with radiocarbon and OSL dating. Alternating wetter and drier periods were inferred for the last 2,800 years. The wetter phases generated enough stability to allow soil formation and a better plant cover, thus favouring human settlements. For the paleoenvironmental interpretation, well defined European chronozones were used because there are no South American denominations. Within the sequence, some wetter periods stand out, such as the one between 2,800-2,500 BP, the intermediate Roman Period (80-280 AD), and the LALIA (Late Antique Little Ice Age) (536-660 AD), while the drier phases comprise the Roman Epoch and the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Moreover, dune active phases during the last millennium were determined for 1,000, 1,350, 1,650, and 1,770 AD approximately, separated by wetter periods recorded by the presence of a paleosoil (15th century) and historical data (17th and 18th centuries).

Late Holocene environmental changes from fluvio-aeolian morpho-sedimentary sequences (Santa María Valley, northwest Argentina).