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The Kobe earthquake was one the most severe earthquakes in Japan in recent years. It occurred on January 16, 1995, at 20:46:49 (UTC) and measured 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale. In this paper, the time series of the unbiased earth ground vertical acceleration collected by a seismograph located at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, is analyzed. The time series is segmented into three consequent sub-series which represent the normal seismic activity before the arrival of the earthquake, a transition phase, and the arrival of earthquake waves. The analysis is separately performed for each segment. We show that by inspecting the degradation of the prediction performance of the model identified based on the normal seismic activity data set, it is possible to distinguish between the transition phase and normal seismic activity about 200-300 seconds before the beginning of the earthquake phase. Though this does not mean that earthquakes can be forecasted, because of the significant data distortion due to the long distance between the epicenter and the data collection location, nevertheless the achieved result may open up new routes in the study of earthquakes.

Analysis of the Kobe earthquake time series via system identification and fault-detection techniques