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The purpose of the present study is to examine changes of the circadian period in humans during temporal isolation, where the circadian rhythm is free-running. Twelve young males each spent 22 d alone in a temporal isolation room. Rectal temperature was continuously recorded and plasma melatonin was measured on day 3 (D3) and from days 10 to 13 (D10-D13). The light intensity in the room was less than 100 lx during the waking period. The free-run period of temperature rhythm from D3 to D10 (24.75 h) was not significantly different from those of the plasma melatonin rhythm (24.63 h) and sleep-wake cycle (24.69 h). The free-run period of temperature rhythm was 24.58 h in S-1 (D2-D6), which was gradually and significantly lengthened to 24.84 h in S-2 (D6-D10), 25.16 h in S-3 (D12-D16), and 25.18 h in S-4 (D18-D22). The free-run period of rectal temperature rhythm was steadily lengthened throughout the isolation period, which was probably due to the after-effect of previous entrainment to 24-h time cues.

After-Effect of Entrainment on the Period of Human Circadian System.