English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Topically applied acetylcholine elicited a hyperpolarizing (ACh-HP) response in about 2/3 of the principal neurons of rabbit superior cervical ganglia isolated in a culture medium for several days. Membrane changes responsible for the ACh-HP were multiple and varied with the level of membrane potential (Vm): At, or less negative than, resting Vm (about -60 mV), membrane conductance (Gm) was increased; at Vm more negative than -70 mV, Gm either increased, decreased, or remained unchanged. The effect of altering extracellular K+ and Ca2+ concentrations suggest that a Ca2(+)-dependent increase in K+ conductance contributes to ACh-HP; however, drugs reported to block such channels (D-tubocurarine at 30 microM or apamin at 200 nM) shortened duration of the ACh-HP but did not depress peak amplitude. The ACh-HP was depressed by the M2-muscarinic antagonist AF-DX 116 and blocked by an intracellular administration of guanosine-5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-beta-S) or by preincubation with pertussis toxin. Intracellularly injected inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) elicited a hyperpolarization associated with an increase in Gm at any Vms. Activators of protein kinase C applied extracellularly, 1,2-oleoylacetylglycerol (OAG) or phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (Pb(Bu)2) elicited a hyperpolarization with a decrease in Gm at Vms more negative than -50 mV and a reversal potential close to Ec1. In the presence of Li+, ACh-HP was smaller after a repetitive stimulation with ACh. These results suggest that, in these neurons, ACh can directly activate M2-muscarinic receptors coupled to GTP-binding proteins, which leads to both an increase in Ca2(+)-sensitive K+ conductance mediated by the intracellular messenger IP3 and a decrease in a conductance, possibly Gc1, through another phosphatidylinositide pathway.

Acethylcholine elictits metabolically mediated M2-muscarinic hyperpolarization in isolated rabbit sympathetic neurons.