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Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate endothelial dysfunction using different approaches in patients with type 1 diabete mellitus with early stages of diabetic retinopathy. For this purpose, we investigated the serum levels of cellular adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), which have emerged as specific markers of endothelial dysfunction, and measured the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a noninvasive technique used to evaluate endothelial dysfunction.

internal medicine

The Levels of the Circulating Cellular Adhesion Molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and Endothelin-1 and the Flow-mediated Vasodilatation Values in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Early-stage Diabetic Retinopathy