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Propostas para implementar politicas focadas que pretendem combater os efeitos da discriminacao racial no Brasil tem provocado muita polemica na sociedade brasileira. Neste debate, os posicionamentos e as contribuicoes de antropologos brasileiros, tanto para a defesa quanto para o questionamento destas politicas de identidade, ganharam destaque. Este artigo propoe-se a analisa-las ao exemplo de dois casos emblematicos: o dos direitos, garantidos pela Constituicao, aos remanescentes de comunidades dos quilombos e o da implementacao de cotas raciais em universidades publicas. Especial atencao e dada a maneira como conceitos paradigmaticos do pensamento antropologico – raca, cultura, identidade (etnicidade) – sao acionados nas respectivas linhas de argumentacao. ABSTRACT Proposals to implement targeted policies aimed at combatting the effects of racial discrimination in Brazil have provoked great controversy in Brazilian society. In this debate, perspectives and contributions of Brazilian anthropologists, both in defense and questioning these identity politics, have been widely commented upon. This article proposes to analyze these policies using examples of two representative cases: the rights guaranteed by the Constitution to the remnants of maroon communities (quilombos) and the implementation of racial quotas in public universities. Special attention was given to the way in which paradigmatic concepts in anthropological thought – race, cultural, identity (ethnicity) – are mobilized in these respective lines of argument.

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POLÍTICAS DE IDENTIDADE: POSIÇÕES ANTROPOLÓGICAS DIANTE DOS DIREITOS QUILOMBOLAS E DAS COTAS RACIAIS / IDENTITY POLITICS: ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON QUILOMBOLAS’ RIGHTS AND RACIAL QUOTAS