English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal efficiency in aqueous solutions in the ultrasonic (US), K2S2O8, and US/K2S2O8 systems was investigated. The free radical generation and action ratio were studied based on variations of K2S2O8 concentration, ultrasonic power, pH, and the addition of isopropanol (ISP) or tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in the US/K2S2O8 system. The results showed that under conditions of 20 mg·L−1 CIP concentration, 20 mmol·L−1 K2S2O8 concentration, an ultrasonic power of 360 W and pH = 7, CIP removal efficiency in the US/K2S2O8 system was 92.20% after 180 min. The reaction in the US/K2S2O8 system was explicitly divided into two stages: free radical generation and pollutants degradation. The ultrasonic and chain reaction facilitated enhanced generation of SO4−• and HO•. The presence of K2S2O8 can promote HO• generation and K2S2O8 concentration also exerted a significant effect on SO4−• generation, however, high concentrations were not beneficial to the reaction. Quenching reactions occurred under high concentrations of HO• and SO4−•. During the initial stage of the reaction, HO• played a more prominent role than SO4−•, however, the role of SO4−• gradually increased as the reaction proceeded and eventually surpassed HO•.

Generation mechanisms of active free radicals during ciprofloxacin degradation in the ultrasonic/K2S2O8 system