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Urban development within the City of Toronto and the surrounding regions has resulted in intense pressure on the ecosystem through changes to the hydrologic cycle and the natural environment. The corresponding increase in impervious area, changes in surface grading and pollutant inputs from land use practices have resulted in increases in stormwater runoff and degraded stormwater runoff quality. Wet weather flow also results in the combined sewer overflows, infiltration and inflow to the sanitary sewer system causing treatment plant bypasses. These impacts result in the degradation of environmental conditions through increased flooding and erosion, physical destruction of terrestrial and aquatic habitat, reduced stream base flow, postings of unsafe conditions at recreational beaches, nutrient enrichment, contaminated sediments and stressed aquatic communities. In the City of Toronto, these impacts have resulted in Toronto’s designation, by the International Joint Commission, as one of 43 polluted areas of concern within the Great Lakes basin (Dorsch Consultants et al. 1989). There has been a number of wet weather flow control initiatives undertaken previously. These actions were driven in large part by the need to address local flooding problems and impacts on recreational beach areas. While source control options have been considered and implemented, to varying degrees, end-of-pipe storage and treatment facilities have been used to achieve higher levels of water quality improvements. Although these initiatives represented significant efforts and provided local environmental improvements, it was recognized that a watershed based strategy was necessary to provide a more comprehensive and consistent approach to mitigating wet weather flow impacts. This paper summarizes the work undertaken in the development of the City of Toronto Wet Weather Flow Management Master Plan and detailed in the supporting technical reports (CH2M HILL Canada Limited, MacViro Consultants Inc. 2003; Aquafor Beech Limited 2003; Marshall Macklin Monaghan Limited 2003; Totten Sims Hubicki Associates 2003; XCG Consultants Limited 2003; Dewey 2003; Snodgrass et al. 2003). Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, 2004 • Volume 39, No. 4, 417–438

Receiving Water Response to a Master Plan for Wet Weather Flow Management Developed for the City of Toronto