Open AccessReclaimed wastewater as an ally to global freshwater sources: a PESTEL evaluation of the barriers
Author(s) -
Shamim Gul,
Khalid Muzamil Gani,
Indrani Hazel Govender,
Faizal Bux
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of water supply research and technology—aqua
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1606-9935
pISSN - 1605-3974
DOI - 10.2166/aqua.2021.128
Subject(s) - wastewater , wastewater reuse , environmental planning , water scarcity , reuse , covid-19 , business , sustainability , sewage treatment , environmental science , environmental resource management , political science , natural resource economics , water resources , waste management , engineering , environmental engineering , economics , ecology , pathology , medicine , biology , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Together with climate change, rising living standards throughout the world have put pressure on existing freshwater sources and increased global water scarcity The reclaimed wastewater projects face obstacles in sustainable implementation This paper reviews Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) factors that act as barriers to the successful implementation of the reclaimed wastewater Owing to COVID-19, pandemic and presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater, future consequences on operations and public acceptance of reclaimed wastewater systems are discussed This review will be useful for water experts, researchers and project planners for appropriate measures in future wastewater reuse projects
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