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The removal of manganese and humic acid (HA) by two nanofiltration membranes, TFC-SR2 and\udTFC-SR3, was investigated in order to highlight the influence of speciation on manganese and HA\udretention. Manganese speciation and complexation with HA were modelled to understand how\udspeciation could affect NF removal mechanisms. The behaviour of the two membranes was\uddrastically different for manganese retention. Manganese retention for TFC-SR3 was higher and\uddominated by size exclusion. Manganese retention for TFC-SR2 varied with pH. At pH 7, i.e. the\udpH of most natural waters, manganese retention for TFC-SR2 was about 45% versus 90% of TFCSR3,\udwith fluxes of about 75 and 25 L.m-2h-1, respectively. Both membranes showed very high\udretention of HA (about 80%), being therefore suitable for surface waters where no salt removal is\udrequired. Manganese deposit on both membranes was generally low (< 10%), but increased at pH\ud10 and 12 as manganese deposited as precipitated MnCO3, and the membranes showed a yellowbrownish\udlayer

Impact of speciation on removal of manganese and organic matter by nanofiltration