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This paper presents the results of the first archaeological campaign in Espantalobos, a new Mesolithic site in the Ebro Basin. Located next to the city of Huesca, it helps to improve our knowledge on the prehistoric occupation of plains, non-mountainous areas, which in the central Ebro Basin have suffered a deep transformation in historic times due to agriculture and erosive processes related to anthropic deforestation. Its main contribution to the prehistoric research is the archaeological confirmation of the occupation by groups of hunter-gatherers of lowland areas during Mesolithic times. The site is a dismantled sandstone rock-shelter that shows two different human occupations. The most recent archaeological layer (level c) is related to the Geometric Mesolithic: its lithic industry is based on laminar elements, which were brought to the site already knapped, and some retouched elements, mainly elongated trapezes and microburins, typical of the first Geometric Mesolithic moments in the Ebro Basin. However, the scarce elements from the former level e, just two geometrics and some notched flakes, make difficult to ascribe the occupation to this phase or to the previous Denticulate Mesolithic. In both periods lithic raw materials could have been collected in nearby areas, barely 30 km to the south of the site, where outcrops of a good-quality “Monegros-type” flint are known. Prehistoric people also knapped non-siliceous local rocks to obtain flakes, which were used untransformed. They also profited these boulders and pebbles to obtain heavy, resilient tools (choppers, rabot). Despite the poor conservation of the site -strongly affected by quarrying activities and erosion-, an interesting toolkit has been found, as well as some faunal remains and a copious lot of charcoals whose anthracological data can partially replace the missing pollen analysis, which is not conserved in the sediment. In this type of shelters bad conservation of bone assemblage is usual: a poor sample of Capra, Cervus and Oryctolagus has been identified, many of them cremated on purpose, while an ibex bone presents a cut mark. The radiocarbon dates place the human occupations in the Early/Middle Holocene: level e (8975-8547 cal BP) coincides with the final phases of the Climatic Optimum, and level c (8321-8046 cal BP) fit with the interesting dry and cold 8.2 event. After this data, level e could bePALABRAS CLAVES: Mesolítico de Muescas y Denticulados; Mesolítico Geométrico; Cuenca del Ebro; Holoceno. GAKO-HITZAK: Mueska eta Horzdunen Mesolitoa; Mesolito Geometrikoa; Ebro ibarra; Holozenoa

Completando el mapa de la Cuenca del Ebro: el Mesolítico del IX milenio cap BP de Espantalobos (Huesca, España)