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In this paper, we analyze four assemblages of bone retouchers that were collected on an equal number of Mousterian sites located in northern Iberia: Peña Miel (La Rioja), Covalejos (Cantabria), Morín (Cantabria) and Prado Vargas (Burgos). From the analysis of 260 bone retouchers, the results of a study covering taphonomical, morphometrics and use-wear approaches are presented. We study all the archaeological materials from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective, but we do not limit our inferential tools to archaeological artifacts: our technical analysis is also based on an extended experimental program that comprised 177 experiments of retouch. The ultimate goal of our holistic approach is to understand the retouchers’ role within the subsistence systems of the neanderthals. The study, together with the contextual archaeological information, allows us to explain how the bone retouchers integrate with various productive areas of neanderthal economy. We can confirm that these tools become key pieces of economic management, bridging different subsistence areas. In particular, the retouchers highlight a bridge between two key areas: the collection and management of animal resources, and the management of mineral resources (stone tools). Then, while retouchers are not very elaborated tools, they cannot be considered "fortune" or adhoc tools, because the strategies for the production and management of these valuable bone implements are not improvised or left to chance. They respond to a series of criteria that are common to the different studied assemblages. These shared features suggest a structural similarity between the groups when configuring the management of their tools. But at the same time, at least two aspects of variability were found: (1) a flexibility in the performed tasks, which probably has to do with the specific demands of lithic retouch; and (2) some diversity in how to maintain and refit the bone tools, which may be related to cultural practices or traditions of the groups. PALABRAS CLAVES: Huellas de uso, Paleolítico medio, Recursos, Tecnología, Utillaje. GAKO-HITZAK: Erabilera-aztarnak, Erdi Paleolitoa, Baliabideak, Teknologia, Tresneria.

munibe. antropologia-arkeologia

Un análisis tecno-funcional de los retocadores óseos musterienses del norte de la Península Ibérica, y su aplicación al estudio de los grupos neandertales