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basically be confused with the history of surgery in general. Its development followed the advances in anatomy, asepsia and antisepsia, and more recently, those in the field of minimally invasive technologies and synthetic materials. Until the modern age, surgery for hernias involved only the treatment of primary hernia complications, because, after the laparotomy had become a common procedure, the problem of solving incisional hernias was added; the latter is a reality that still occurs in about 10% of all laparatomies (1). If we should mark some milestones in the evolution of surgical repair and reconstruction of the abdominal wall affected by a primary or incisional hernia, we should select from the entire labyrinth of surgical searches in this field only those concepts, gestures and techniques that were eventually validated by practice and retained as useful up to the present day. • 1716 Dimitrie Cantemir, voivode of Moldavia and member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin, in the manuscript "Incrementa et decrementa Aulae Othomaniae" ("The History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire") describes, for the first time, the transabdominal approach in the repair of hernias, performed at the Ottoman court by Albanian surgeons of time (2). • 1871 H. O. Marcy, the first promoter of asepsia in America, published the procedure called "simple closure of the deep inguinal opening", or the narrowing of the deep hole with a few insoluble threads crossed in the plane of the transversal fascia after the high dissection of the herniary sac (3). Editorial

History, Perspectives and Actual Trends in the Field of Herniology