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Background: Interleukin (IL) 4 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) are two key cytokines involved in a Th2-type inflammation characteristic of asthma. This type has more inflammatory cells that release cytokines which trigger broncho-constriction, mucus over-production, and remodeling of airways which augment inflammatory reactions in asthma. Objective: Our study aimed to verify the association of serum levels of both IL 4 and TGF-β1 with asthma development and further effect on its control level in Egyptian children. Subjects and methods: In this case-control study, two groups of children aged 5–15 years were recruited: first diagnosed as cases of asthma (clinically and spirometry-based); the second group of non-asthmatic children was enrolled as controls. Serum levels of total IgE, IL 4 and TGF-β1 were measured for all children. Cases were classified as controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled (according to GINA 2008) Results: From December 2013 to Mai 2015, 156 cases and 156 controls were recruited. Serum level of serum total IgE, TGF-β1 and IL4 were significantly higher in asthmatic in comparison to non-asthmatic children. A positive correlation between serum levels of both total IgE and IL-4 and TGF-β1were noted. A higher serum level of total IgE, TGF-β1 and IL4 were noticed in children with poor asthma control. Conclusion: The data suggests that increased serum levels both TGF-β1 and IL4 in asthmatic children are associated with poor asthma control. Keywords: Asthma, IL4, TGF-β1

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β1 AND INTERLEUKIN-4 AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS