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Obesity is a major global health issue. Most obese patients develop metabolic syndrome, a cluster of clinical features characterized by hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Development of ventricular dysfunction in patients with DM in the absence of CAD, valvular heart disease or hypertension is defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy. A major effort is under way to develop therapies aiming at regenerating the myocardium or to stimulate endogenous repair programs. MSC can differentiate into many mesenchymal cells as cardiomyocytes. The application of MSCs in the treatment of DC in recent years offers promising results. Aim of the Work: This study is to evaluate the effect of intravenous administration of MSCs on the hearts of obese diabetic rats. Methods: Sixty male mice were fed a regular diet up to one month of age. Then 20 mice were kept on a regular diet (healthy) and 40 mice switched to a high-fat diet (obese) until the end of the study (16 months of tested diet). Two months following MSC administration the following parameters will be evaluated as: Blood pressure, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol, Gene expression of p300, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and myocytes enhancer factor 2 (MEF2A and MEF2C). At the end of the study rats were sacrificed by cut throat and dissected to expose the hearts that were fixed in 10% formalin. Sections from the hearts were stained by (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome. Results: Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance was significantly decreased in MScs injected group when compared to obese and diabetic group (p<0.00, p<0.00). Gene expression of p300, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and myocytes enhancer factor 2 (MEF2A and MEF2C) by real time PCR as molecular markers of cardiac hypertrophy significantly decreased (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and number of Correspondence to: Dr. Noha Ed. Hassab El-naby, E-mail: noha_eldabie@yahoo.com inflammatory cells was significantly decreased (p<0.01, p<0.01). Also fibrosis decreased but this was statistically insignificant (p<0.069). Conclusion: MScs decrease blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol, Gene expression of p300, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and myocytes enhancer factor 2 (MEF2A and MEF2C), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, number of inflammatory cells and fibrosis in DC.

Use of mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome complicated with cardiomyopathy