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Background: Several parasites are responsible for life threatening infections in immunocompromised patients including those with chronic renal diseases. Determination of enteroparasitosis prevalence in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) experiencing hemodialysis (HD) showed elevated rates of infection, primarily by protozoa. Objectives: To investigate the common intestinal parasites among patients with ESRD undergoing HD in Benha University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: This case-control research was performed on 57 patients subjected to HD and 60 apparently healthy people as control group with no history of kidney disorders or other immunosuppressive conditions in the control group. Age of participants ranged from 20-70 years in both groups. Three consecutive fresh fecal samples from all participants were obtained after completion of the questionnaire and examined macroscopically and microscopically to identify various stages of common pathogenic intestinal parasites using iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stains to detect protozoa. Results: The total rate of parasite infection was 68.4% and 48.3% in ESRD patients and control group, respectively. The discrepancies between the two groups were statistically significant. E. histolytica/E. dispar was the commonest parasite compared to other parasites in the two groups. Conclusion: In ESRD patients, a high detection rate of intestinal parasites was reported which can lead to severe complications in these patients being immunocompromissed individuals. Hence, stool examintion should also be integrated into the standard clinical care of these patients. PARASITOLOGISTS UNITED JOURNAL 30 SUBJECTS AND METHODS This case–control research was conducted at Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt from August 2019 to December 2019. Subjects: The study population included 57 ESRD patients attending HD unit in Benha University Hospital, with no other immunosuppressive condition; and 60 apparently healthy individuals as control group (from the surrounding individuals including nurses) without history of kidney problems or any other immunosuppressive condition (Table 1). Age ranged from 20 to70 in both groups. In ESRD group, 34 were males, 23 were females, and 38 of them were from rural areas. In the control group, sex distribution was equal and 26 of them were from rural areas. The exclusion criteria included all participants who, one month before the research, had not obtained any anti-parasitic medications. Table 1. Important socio-demographic characteristics among the studied groups. HD patients (n=57) Control group (n=60) Sex Male Female 34 (59.65%) 23 (40.35%) 30 (50%) 30 (50%) Age 21-30 < 30 Average 13 (22.8%) 44 (77.2%) 52.3 ± 11.6 15 (25%) 45 (75%) 49.1 ± 7.3 Residence Urban Rural 19 (33.3%) 38 (66.7%) 34 (56.67%) 26 (43.33%)

Detection rate of common intestinal parasites in end stage renal disease patients under maintenance hemodialysis in Benha University Hospital, Egypt