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Increasing infertility, has become a serious issue. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a wide spread natural pollutant and large number of the world population is exposed to high doses of fluoride. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP), exerts a novel spectrum of biological, pharmacological, and therapeutic properties against oxidative stress , so it was of special concern to investigate the role of the naturally occurring antioxidant GSP on effect of fluoride on male reproduction . The study included 72 male rats, 36 adult and 36 young rats were divided into six groups (n =12, 6 adult & 6 young ). Group I: negative control. Group II: was given distilled water. Group III: was given GSP 75 mg / kg. Group IV: was given NaF 18 mg / kg. Group V: was given NaF 18 mg /kg and GSP 75 mg /kg. Group VI: was given NaF 18 mg /kg then it was stopped and rats were examined 30 days after its discontinuation. All treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of experimental and follow up periods, serum levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating (FSH) and Luteinizing (LH) hormones in addition to serum levels of malondialdhyde (MDA) and plasma nitrite were determined. Absolute and relative testes weights and histopathological examination of testes of all rats also performed. The results revealed that, fluoride induced significant decrease in plasma testosterone, FSH and LH levels in adult rats and non significant change of these hormones in young rats as compared to control groups. It also induced significant increase in serum MDA and nitrite levels in adult and young rats as compared to control groups. Absolute and relative testes weights of the adult and young rats of NaF group were significantly reduced compared to control groups. Section of adult rats testes of NaF treated group revealed arrest of spermatogenesis,sloughing of spermatogenic cells and disorganization of the epithelial lining of seminiferous tubules. While, testes of young rats revealed total spermatogenic atrophy and degeneration with thickening of the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and interstitial fibrosis. Co-administration of NaF and GSP showed significant increase of plasma testosterone, FSH and LH levels in adult rats and decrease in serum MDA and nitrite levels compared to NaF alone or follow up group in adult and young rats. Also,

Possible Protective Role of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin on Fluoride Induced Testicular Toxicity in Adult and Young Albino Rats