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Background: Typhoid disease remains an important preventable public health problem. Typhoid is found all over the world, but the areas of risk include East and Southeast Asia and Africa particularly Egypt, most of typhoid deaths occur in children of school age or younger. Aim of Study: To assess the correlation between the environmental risk factors and typhoid disease among children and their care givers, Alqalioubiya governorate. Material and Methods: A descriptive correlative research design was utilized. Setting; study was conducted in 4 villages at Alqalioubiya governorate. A simple random sample of 313 participants was selected. Two tools were used; 1 st tool a structured interviewing questionnaire includes 3 parts demographic data, Knowledge and practices of the caregivers toward typhoid. 2nd tool an observational checklist for the home environment. Results: Reveals that 47.9% of participants were aged 20 to less than 30 years old with mean ± SD=29.76±7.36. All participants had governmental water while 46% found it unsafe for drinking and food preparation. One fifth kept water tanks in bathrooms, moreover; 32% kept it unclean and 9.4% stored it till water turned off. All participants had trenches sewage disposal system. There were a highly statistically significant negative correlation found between the total knowledge and the family history toward typhoid (p=0.000). There were a highly statistically significant positive correlation found between the total knowledge and Total practice scores (p=0.000). Conclusion: That risk of typhoid transmission not only affected by sanitation of the environment but also the practices within this environment. Recommendations: Health education program to increase public awareness for typhoid prevention and regular examination of food handlers. Safe water supply program and continuous monitoring to detect any leakage or fecal contamination. Correspondence to: Dr. Randa H. Abdelfattah, The Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University

The Correlation between the Environmental Risk Factors and Typhoid Disease Among Children and their Care Givers, Alqalioubiya Governorate