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The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the isolated bacteria from the uterus and the immune status of dairy cows during the postpartum period. Uterine swabs were collected from 41 Holstein-Friesian cows with normal calving and 5 cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) at 7-11 days, 17-25 days and 27-38 days postpartum. After swabbing, blood samples were collected from tail veins of 34 cows at 7-11 days, 30 cows at 17-25 days and 29 at 27-38 days postpartum for carrying Relationship Between The Types Of Bacteria Isolated From Postpartum ... S. Ismail et., al. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 164 out lymphocyte stimulation test. The collected swabs were cultured and the isolated bacteria were categorized according their expected pathogenic potential within the uterus into: pathogenic, less pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. During the examined postpartum periods, a total of 108 uterine swabs were collected from 46 cows. With the exception of a swab from a cow with normal calving at 17-25 days postpartum, all the uterine swabs were bacteriologically positive. One hundred-sixty five and 23 isolates were recovered from cows with normal calving and cows with RFM, respectively during the examined postpartum periods. The isolated less pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus spp. and Histophilus somni, pathogenic were Trueperella (T.) (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes and Escherichia (E.) coli and non pathogenic were Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium spp., Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. Regarding the results of lymphocytes stimulation test, 57% of cows were healthy and 37.6% were healthy with lower immunosuppression. On the other hand, low percentage of cows (5.4%) was immunosuppressed. Of 159 bacterial isolates, 90 (57%) were isolated from healthy cows, 62 (39%) from lower immunosuppressed cows and 7 (4 %) from immunosuppressed. Of 46 pathogenic bacterial isolates, 28 (61%) were isolated from healthy cows and 18 (39%) from lower immunosuppressed cows. Of 89 less pathogenic bacterial isolates, 49 (55 %) were isolated from immunohealthy cows, 34 (38 %) from lower immunosuppressed and 6 (7%) from immunosuppressed. Of 24 non pathogenic isolates, 13 (54%) were isolated from healthy cows, 10 (42%) from lower immunosuppressed and 1 (4%) from immunosuppressed. In conclusion, the presence of pathogenic and less pathogenic bacteria might stimulate the cellular immune response in dairy cows during the postpartum period. Relationship Between The Types Of Bacteria Isolated From Postpartum ... S. Ismail et., al. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 165 INTRODUCTION The postpartum period in cattle is characterized by an increased risk of uterine infection due to persistence of cervical dilation for several days (Sheldon, 2004). After parturition aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including Escherichia (E.) coli, Trueperella (T.) (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Clostridium spp., Prevotella spp. and Fusobacterium spp. invade the uterus (Griffin et al., 1974; Olson et al., 1984; Bretzlaff, 1987 and Noakes et al., 1991). However, E. coli, T. pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenicus are commonly associated with uterine disease (Sheldon et al., 2002). The outcomes of bacterial infection of postpartum uterus are clinical metritis, clinical endometritis, pyometra and subclinical endometritis (Sheldon et al., 2006). These diseases may delay the complete regeneration of the endometrium and disturb the resumption of cyclic ovarian function resulting in postponement of the first insemination, increasing the number of inseminations per conception and thus prolonging the calving interval and decreasing the calving rate (Hussain and Daniel, 1991). The frequency of isolation of each bacterium species from the postpartum uterus of cows is variable among studies and postpartum days and among cows with normal or abnormal calving (Griffin et al., 1974, Hussien et al., 1990, Takács et al, 1990, Noakes et al., 1991, Huszenicza et al., 1999, Dohmen et al., 2000 and Kocamuftuoglu and Vural, 2008). Relationship Between The Types Of Bacteria Isolated From Postpartum ... S. Ismail et., al. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 166 Although immune responses progressively eliminate the microbes, up to 40% of the cows have bacterial infection, 3 weeks after calving (Sheldon et al., 2008). The cellular immune response has a predominant role in the uterine defense mechanism against infection compared to the limited humeral immune response (Mestecky et al., 2005). Lymphocytes and antigen-presenting macrophages play an important role in the recognition and processing of foreign antigen, including pathogenic bacteria which invade the uterus (Leung et al., 2000). Measurement of blood lymphocytic proliferation has been used to indicate the functional status of the immune system (Mallard et al., 1998). Ramadan et al. (1997) confirmed that intrauterine inoculation of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and A. pyogenes) resulted in an increase in the uterine defense mechanism, regardless of the stage of the estrous cycle when it has been introduced. On the other hand, it has been reported that none of ewes that received intrauterine infusions of T. pyogenes and E. coli during estrus developed uterine infections, but all of the ewes that received T. pyogenes and E. coli infusions during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle developed uterine infections (Seals et al., 2003). The aims of the present study were to isolate and identify the bacteria from uteri of cows after normal calving and in cows with retained fetal membranes, evaluating the antibacterial susceptibility of the isolated bacteria and the relationship between the isolated bacteria from the uterus and the immune status of the body during the postpartum period of dairy cows. Relationship Between The Types Of Bacteria Isolated From Postpartum ... S. Ismail et., al. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 167 MATERIAL AND METHODS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TYPES OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POSTPARTUM UTERI AND THE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN DAIRY COWS