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A slow release of urea fertilizer has become a necessity since it reduces the loss of nitrogen. This can be achieved by using different types of coatings, like sulfur, starch and wax etc. In this study, the producing of urea coated with bentonite, polyacrylamide and potassium humate which working on the reduction of nitrogen loss as resultant of either leaching or valorization and minimize environmental pollution beside reduce the consumption of fertilizer. Also, improve soil chemical properties, its positive impact on the productivity of wheat crop, and total content of macronutrients. Lab experiments were performed to determine the best concentration of bentonite to coated urea such as percent coating which showed that percent coating was increased with increasing the concentration of bentonite. The dissolution rate was decreased with concentration of bentonite (2.5%) in combination with 0.1% polyacrylamide. Along with, the experiment of investigation of the water absorption showed the greater absorbency of water was shown at 2 and 2.5% bentonite. In addition to, the incubation experiment revealed that amount released from nitrogen at 10 and 15 days were greater, which lasted for up to 20 days in urea uncoated than ureacoated. The concentration of 2.5% of bentonite seems to be favorable than other concentrations. These experiments conformed that the suitable quantity used in the coating urea by bentonite and polyacrylamide. Through an infrared (FTIR) diagnosis of the urea coated, its properties were identified at different wavelengths. The functional groups such as phenol, carboxyl, etc. which affect the compound's effectiveness when the urea associates with bentonite, polyacrylamide and potassium humate as one compound. Concerning, trial experiment were laid out at ElIsmailia Agriculture Research Station Farm, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Egypt. At two successive seasons who's planted with wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L., CV. Giza 168) in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. To evaluate urea’s coated beneficial effect on soil along with plant productivity. Established by the following transactions three rates of nitrogen 100, 75 and 50% from recommended dose of uncoated urea, urea formaldehyde and urea coated. Results show that, mean values of soil pH were decreased with urea formaldehyde and urea coated compared to uncoated urea (control), this inversely with values of EC in soil where increased with coated urea compare to other treatments in two seasons . Data revealed an increases of N,P and K availability in soil under impact of coated urea and urea form compared to control (uncoated urea) treatments with consideration that urea coated was superior than urea form. Regarding the plant behavior, results revealed that the mean values of the biological yield, grains and straw of wheat crop under impact of coated urea and urea formaldehyde treatments were increases compared to uncoated urea in two seasons. But it was observed that this increase was better when applying urea coated. Finally, this product is a good controlled N release of nitrogen and water absorption, as well as degradable in soil and environment friendly, which reflected on the plant productivity along with it's could be useful in agricultural.

journal of soil sciences and agricultural engineering /journal of soil sciences and agricultural engineering

Preparation and Properties of Urea Slow Release Coated with Potassium Humate, Bentonite and Polyacrylamide as Compositely Fertilizer which Reflected on the Productivity of Wheat Crop