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A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different zinc fertilizer levels on rice grain quality traits at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during the two growing seasons of 2011 and 2012. Seven rice cultivars (Sakha 102, Sakha 105, Sakha 106, Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 179, Giza 182 besides Hybrid 1) were used and evaluated under four Zinc fertilization rates, (0, 50, 100 and 150%) of the recommended rate (10 kg Zn So4/fed). The results revealed that there were significant differences among tested cultivars in respect to all studied characters. This was expected due to their completely different in genetic background. Increasing zinc level up to 150% of the recommended rate mostly affects all rice grain quality (dimention, milling recovery, cooking and eating quality characters) in the two seasons of study. Meanwhile, the results indicated that the interaction between rice cultivars and zinc levels was significant in most cases, except grain shape, hulling (%), and gelatinization temperature in the two seasons of study. From another point of view, the results revealed that decreasing zinc level fertilizer dose to 50% of the recommended did not affect the mean values of most of studied characters in case of Giza 178 followed by Sakha 105 and Sakha 106 in the two seasons. This result indicated that these three cultivars could be recommended as low input cultivars INTRODUCTION Rice (Oryza sativa, L.) is one of the most important staple food crops of the world. More than two thirds of the world population relies of nutritional benefit of rice. In Egypt, rice is considered as a one of the most essential field crop not only as a food crop but also a land reclamation crop and for exportation. Rice production depends on several factors, such as climate, physical conditions of the soil, soil fertility, water management, sowing date, cultivars, seed rate, weed control, and fertilization (Angus et al. 1994 and Jing et al. 2008). Fertilizer is very important input for intensive rice production. The profitability of rice production systems depends on yield and input quantities. So the appropriate fertilizer input that is not only for getting El-Hissewy A.A. et al., 59 high grain yield but also for attaining maximum profertility. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potash (K) fertilizer is a major essential plant nutrient and key input for in increasing rice yield. Besides, zinc (Zn) was recognized as an essential micronutrient. It serves in various biochemical processes in the rice plant. Zinc deficiency in crop plants reduces not only grain yield, but also the nutrional quality of grains. Rice is one of highly sensitive crops to zinc deficiency, and zinc is the most important micronutrient limiting rice growth and yield. Reports showed that 30% of the soils in the world exhibit Zinc deficiency to different extents. Therefore, with the lake of information about the effect of zinc fertilization on rice grain quality characters, the present investigation aimed to study the performance of some Egyptian rice cultivars grown under different zinc fertilizer levels including lower and higher levels than the recommended dose as a step to breed low input rice varieties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two field experiments on rice crop (Oryza sativa L.) were conducted during two rice growing seasons, 2011 and 2012 at the Research Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt to study the performance of some Egyptian rice cultivars grown under different zinc fertilizer levels includes lower and higher doses than the recommended. Treatments and experimental design: Seven Egyptian rice cultivars namely; Sakha 102, Sakha 105, Sakha 106, Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 179 and Giza 182 besides Hybrid 1 were utilized in the present study. Table (1) represents parentage and variety group of these cultivars. Table (1): Origin, parentage and variety group of the studied cultivars Cultivars Parentage Variety group Hybrid 1 IR 69625A/Giza 178 Indica /Japonica Sakha 102 GZ 4096-7-1/Sakha 103 Japonica Sakha 105 GZ5581-46-3/GZ 4316-7-1-1 Japonica Sakha 106 Giza 177/Hexi30 Japonica Giza 177 Giza 171/Yomjo No.1//Pi No.4 Japonica Giza 178 Giza 175/Milyang 49 Indica /Japonica Giza 179 GZ1368-S-5-4/IRAT 112 Indica /Japonica Giza 182 Giza 181/IR 39422-161-1-3//Giza181 Indica These cultivars were tested under four levels of zinc. (0, 50, 100 and 150 %) of the recommended rate (10 Zn SO4/fed). The experimental design was split plot design with three replicates. Rice cultivars represented the main plots; while, the zinc fertilization J. Agric. Res. Kafr El-Sheikh Univ. pp: 58-70, Vol. 42(1) 2016 60 rates represented the sub-plot. The total experimental plots were (4 x 8 x 3) = 96 plots with plot area of 1m x 5m = 5m for experimental unit. Seeds of the tested cultivars were directly drilled with the seed rate of 50 kg/fed, for the two seasons in one meter length rows with 20 cm apart between rows after better soil tillage. Nitrogen fertilization, as Urea [CO (NH2)2 – 46.5%N] was added in three equal doses at recommended times. Zinc fertilization, as zinc sulfate (Zn SO4-22% Zn) with the rate of (10 kg Zn SO4/fed) was added as soil application after soil leveling and just before seed drilling. Phosphorus fertilization, as calcium super phosphate (15.5% P2O5) with the rate of (15.5 kg P2O5/fed) was added to the soil before tillage. Irrigation water requirements and irrigation intervals as well as all the other agronomic practices have been applied according to the recommended methods of rice production. Statistical analysis: The analysis of variance was carried out according to the proceeding described by Gommez and Gomez (1984). All statically analysis was performed using analysis of variance technique by means of "CO-STAT" computer software package. Treatment means were compared by the least significant differences (LSD) test as given by Steel and Torrie (1980). Studied Characters: Grain quality characters: 1. Grain appearance characters: a. Grain length (L) (mm): The average of ten well formed brown grains (after dehulling), was measured from the base to the top of these grains by "Micrometer" according to Chang and Bardenas (1965). b. Grain width (W) (mm): It was measured as the average of ten brown grains (after dehulling) as the distance between the two sides at the widest point of the grain according to Chang and Bardenas (1965). c. Grain shape (L/W ratio): Grain shape was expressed as the ratio between grain length and width. It was recorded as an average of ten brown grains/plot. As suggested by Khush et al. (1979). 2. Milling recovery characters: Hulling percentage (%), milling percentage (%) and head rice percentage (%) were estimated according to the methods reported by Adair (1952).

A study on the effect of different zinc fertilizer levels on rice grain quality traits