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Two field experiments were conducted on clay soil in 2015-16 and 2016-17 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El--Sheikh, Egypt, to exploit the land in the period from harvesting early rice cultivars to grow wheat in suitable date by planting the temporary fodder crops to increase economic returns. The trials studied the response of wheat cv. Giza 171 to some crop sequences systems and nitrogen rates. Each experiment included three rice cultivars (Sakha 101, Sakha 106 and Giza 179) as a preceding crop, three intermediate crop (maize and berseem fahl as mono-cut forage crops as well as fallow land) and three nitrogen rates (50, 75 and 100 kg N fed.) in wheat. The experimental design was Split Split-plot with three replications. Main plots were assigned to preceding crops (rice cultivars), sub plots to intermediate crops and sub-sub plots to nitrogen rates. Rice cultivars as preceding crop had no significant effect on all studded wheat traits, namely plant height, spikes number m, spike length, spike weight and grains number spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index in both seasons. There was an apparent difference due to intermediate crop in all mentioned traits of wheat, except harvest index in the two seasons. The sequence system of berseem fahl –wheat resulted in a significant increase in plant height, spikes number m, spike length, spike weight and grains number spike, grain yield and straw yield of wheat compared with maize–wheat and fallow–wheat sequence systems in the two seasons. However, maize–wheat and fallow–wheat sequence systems substantially increased 1000-grain weight of wheat than the berseem fahl– wheat system. Wheat grown after maize or fallow soil was statistically at par in all mentioned treats in both seasons. Plant height, spikes number m, spike length, grains number spike and straw yield and of wheat gradually increased by increasing nitrogen rate from 50 to 100 kg N fed.. Spike weight, grain yield and harvest index of wheat was markedly increased by increasing nitrogen rate from 50 to 75 kg N fed, then those decreased at 100 kg N fed. Application of 100 kg N fed produced the lightest 1000-grain weight of wheat in both seasons, while the heaviest ones were obtained from adding 75 and 50 kg N fed in the first and second seasons, respectively. Grain yield was significantly affected by the interaction between intermediate crop and nitrogen levels. Wheat grown after berseem and received any nitrogen rate was among those having high grain yield in both seasons. It can be concluded that the sequence system of rice-berseem fahl–wheat received 50 kg N fed could be recommended for optimum grain yield of wheat at Kafr El-Shiekh Governorate. This result indicated that application of berseem fahl as intermediate crop can be saved 50 kg N fed without reduce grain yield of wheat, in addition to the producing green forage to use in animal food.

Evaluation of some Crop Sequences and Nitrogen Levels on Wheat Productivity