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Two winter seasons experiment was conducted in 2013 2014 and 2014 2015 at Vegetable Research Farm, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ. to investigate phosphorus and potassium impact on growth and yield of cauliflower. The lay out of the experiments were factorial in the complete randomize block design with three replicates. The main plots were phosphorus (i.e.; 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg as P2O5 /fed.). The sub – plots were potassium (i.e. 30, 45 and 60 kg as K2O /fed.). The data cleared that vegetative growth characters (i.e.; plant height, leaf area, weight of fresh leaves and leaves dry matter %), leaves chemical component (i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, N, P and K). Curds yield and its physical quality attributes (i.e.; weight, diameter, compactness index, dry matter % and nonburst), curds chemical quality attributes (i.e.; Vitamin C, TSS, N, P and K) were significantly influenced by the interaction between phosphorus and potassium levels in both seasons. On contrast, leaves number were not affected by the combination of phosphorus and potassium.The interaction between phosphorus at 75 kg P2O5 and potassium at 45 kg K2O /fed. was the most effective combination, Since it achieved the highest leaf area, leaves fresh weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, curd weight, curd diameter, curd compactness index, curd dry matter %, curds yield /fed., Vitamin C, TSS and N % of curd in both seasons. On the contrary, phosphorus at 45 kg P2O5 and potassium at 30 kg K2O gave the lowest values of curd yield and quality parameters. Hence phosphorus at 75 kg P2O5 and potassium at 45 kg K2O /fed.. is recommended to attain optimum curd yield and its component of cauliflower in the study area and other similar condition. INTRODUCTION Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea, L var. botrytis) is important crop belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is considered a common vegetable crop in Egypt because its appropriate method of production technology and nutritive value. Cauliflower contains high concentrations of vitamin C, A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, carotenoid, which are protect people from cancer. (Joao, 2012) The major factors, which contribute to the crop yield include; use of improved cultivars, balanced nutrition and cultural practices. Application of balanced fertilizer increases vegetative growth and improves yield and quality of the product. Optimum fertilizers application for cauliflower in calcareous soils are important for obtaining high yield with high quality of curd. Many studies have shown that levels of available potassium, phosphorus and micronutrients are fairly low under calcareous soils conditions (FAO, 2005). The primary macro nutrients e.g. phosphorus and potassium are important for plant growth, maturity, curd yield and quality. Phosphorus plays an indispensable role within the energy storage and transfer in the form of adenosine diphosphate ADP, adenosine triphosphate ATP, as well as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), an essential part of ribonucleic acid (RNA). It also enhance root development and enlargement affect cell wall division, seed germination, flowering, fruiting, synthesis of fat, starch and in fact most biochemical activities like amino acid synthesis. Application of phosphorus is also important in increasing the efficacy of other nutrients ( Arif et al., 2005) The importance of potassium fertilization in Egyptian agriculture has risen since the completion of the High Dam which resulted in the deposition of the suspended Nile silt in the upstream of the formed lake. The Nile silt enriched the Egyptian soils with potassium during the seasonal floods. However, continuous cropping without replenishing nutrients can cause an irreparable damage to soil fertility. (Abd El-Hadi et al., 1997). Clay soils contain relatively higher amounts of total potassium as a component of hardly soluble minerals, however only a small fraction is present in available form potassium levels in Egyptian soils are going to be depleted due to intensive cropping and cultivation of high yielding crop varieties. Moreover, soils that are marginal to deficient in available potassium, negative effects on crops yield and qualities could be occurred.( Shaaban and Abou El-Nour, 2012). Potassium deficiency may affect respiration, photosynthesis, chlorophyll development, and water content of leaves (Sangakkara et al., 2000). The scientific researches indicated that optimum dose of phosphorus and potassium increase curd yield and its component of cauliflower (Filho et al., 2015; Sharma 2016). The current work is an attempt to evaluate the impact of phosphorus and potassium rates on yield and its component of cauliflower. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two winter seasons experiment was conducted in 2013 2014 and 2014 2015 at Vegetable Research Farm, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ. to investigate phosphorus and potassium impact on growth and yield of cauliflower. The lay out of the experiments were factorial in the complete randomize block design with three replicates. The main plots were phosphorus (i.e.; 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg as P2O5 /fed.). The sub – plots were potassium (i.e. 30, 45 and 60 kg as K2O /fed.) Soil samples were taken at random from the different sites from the top layer (0-30 cm depth) for physical and chemical analysis. physical and chemical properties of experimental Soil are presented in Table 1.

Influence of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower