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This study aims at evaluating the impacts of applying different compost types produced in Alexandria city on the soil and plant. Composting is the biological decomposition and stabilization of organic substrates. It is a means of converting objectionable wastes, such as sewage sludge, garbage, organic trash, food processing wastes and farm manures into materials suitable for application to land. Sandy soils and four types of compost with different rates were applied; composted sewage sludge, Composted domestic solid waste, composted plant residues, and composted animal manure. The Tested plant was Wheat (Giza 75). Pot experiments were carried out at lab. the results revealed that application of different types of compost to sandy soil cultivated with wheat plant increased soil salinity (EC), organic matter (OM), available nitrogen, and trace element (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Pb) contents while decreased pH and available phosphorus. As the soil treated with different compost types were enriched with macro and micronutrients, the fresh plants and oven-dried weights of the plants of treated soil were higher than those of plants of untreated control soil. It is clear that sewage sludge and domestic solid wastes composts application indicated a highest plant yield among other compost types. This study recommended Application of sewage sludge compost must be under special control, Application of domestic solid wastes could be used at the rate of 10 and 20% for sandy soil, plant residues compost could be applied on sandy soil, at the rate of 10% only for cultivation of all crops, and Application of animal manure compost could be applied at the range of 20-30% in case of sandy soil for all crops. INTRODUCTION Over the past 50 years, the disposal of urban wastes has become increasingly difficult problem (1). Landfill has always been the most common disposal method and is likely to remain so, but when sites close to a city have been filled up additional expenditure is necessary to transport the wastes to more distant sites. Thus, it has become more and more important to discover treatment methods which reduce the volume of wastes to be accommodated on scarce landfill sites(1). Composting can have permanent and farreaching effects on the quality of the 307 Bull High Inst Public Health Vol.38 No. 2 [2008] environment by removing large amounts of refuse from the waste stream, thereby reducing land filling and incineration of wastes(2). Haug(3) has described composting as the biological decomposition and stabilization of organic substrates, under conditions that allow development of thermophilic temperatures as a result of biologically produced heat, to produce a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and plant seeds, and can be beneficially applied to land. Composting is used also as a means of converting objectionable wastes, such as sewage sludge, garbage, organic trash, food processing wastes and farm manures into materials suitable for application to land (2). The most commonly composted materials include those which are familiar to most people. Kitchen vegetable scraps, yard clippings and wastes from landscaping and farming activities. Most of these materials, with the exception of the most recalcitrant woods and leaves, are easily compostable in the personal backyard compost pile. On an industrial level, many communities are investigating roadside pickup, chipping of materials, and large-scale composting of green wastes in a municipal setting. Composting of biosolids or animal manures is a means of reduction or stabilization of wastes prior to utilization on land or disposal (4). Compost as managing organic wastes, possess a low risk to the environment assuming it is free of heavy metals or hazardous organic materials(5); improves soil fertility whether in backyard gardens or reclaimed strip-mine soils; its product furnishes the soil with many of the rare elements essential for plant growth; it retains moisture and increases biological life in the soil; stimulates the rate of root growth; and it has relatively higher content of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter(6). Wheat straw, corn stalks, maize cobs, brewer’s grains, seed meals, cotton hulls, Nevien AF M et al., 308 sugarcane bagasse and other agricultural residues high in lignocelluloses can be composted in a fermentation reactor(7).The use of organic manure is recommended to substitute the chemical fertilization(8). Raveendran et al.,(9) have found that addition of cow and chicken manures at different application rates increased total nitrogen in the 0-5 cm layer. According to Mathew and Nair(10) the cattle manure applied alone or in combination with NPK fertilizers increased both available P and K in Indian rice soils. The importance of organic matter for agriculture in Egypt comes next to that of water. It is well-known fact that recycling organic waste materials for increasing agricultural production and reduces environmental pollution. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of application of different compost types produced in Alexandria City on the soil and plant. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sandy soils and four types of compost were applied; Composted sewage sludge, Composted domestic solid waste, composted plant residues, and composted animal manure. The Tested plant was Wheat (Giza 75). pot experiments were carried out at lab. Wheat planting took place on Nov. 15th 2003 at rate of 10 seeds/plot and thinned later to 4 seedlings. The soil pots received phosphorusnitrogen-potassium fertilizers in the form of super-phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate at rates of 200, 120, 50 kg/ at the recommended doses. One week before cultivation, the soils were mixed thoroughly with compost types by rates 10, 20 and 30% for each type. The treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized block design. Raw compost samples were chemically characterized before application according to WHO International Reference Center for Waste Disposal(11). Soil samples were collected and physically and chemically 309 Bull High Inst Public Health Vol.38 No. 2 [2008] analyzed according to methods of soil analysis(12) before and after the addition of different compost types with its different rates. The wheat plant samples were sampled after about 150 days from the planting date. Morphological Data including fresh, dry weight, and plant height were recorded. All the plant samples were dried and chemically analyzed according to Benton(13). RESULTS DISCUSSION 1Before application: • Characterization of the soils: Sandy soil had pH value (8.51), NH4-N values (0.023 ppm), available P (2.27 ppm), and organic matter (0.075%). Regarding the heavy metals content, it was characterized by a high content of microelements especially Fe and Zn

Impacts of Different Compost Types Application on Soil Fertility and Plant Growth