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In Egypt, several detailed studies have been carried out on chemical quality and composition of buffalo, cow, and goat milk but it is rare for camel milk. Consequently, the present study was carried out to evaluate the chemical quality and composition of protein, fat, and minerals of camel’s milk compared to cow’s milk to fill the gap in this respect, monitoring the level of heavy metals residues to ensure the availability of these milk for consumption. Random fifty milk samples collected from healthy camel and cow at Marsa Matrouh and Alexandria Governorates. The samples were analysed for titratable acidity, pH and acid values as a chemical quality index. Also, for total protein, fat, Ash, Cholesterol content, amino acids and fatty acid pattern, minerals, and some heavy metal residues. The obtained results revealed high chemical quality index of camel’s and cow’s milk. Total percentage of fat, protein, ash and cholesterol content were (4.6, 2.72, 0.79% and 9 mg/100 ml) and were (3.7, 3.5, 0.8%, and 5.5 mg/100ml) for camel’s and cow’s milk, respectively Amino acids pattern showed higher significant percentage of threonine, serine, glutamic, proline, cystine, methionine, leucine, histidine, lysine, ammonia, and total essential amino acids in camel’s milk. Tyrosine and isoleucine in cow’s milk showed highly significant percentage. Fatty acids profile showed the presence of 11 various fatty acids, in camel’s milk and 13 in cow’s milk, respectively. Butyric (C4:0) and Caproic acids (C6:0) were not detected in camel’s milk, and pentadeconoic acid (C15:0) was not detected in cow’s milk. Short chain fatty acids showed significantly higher percentage in cow’s milk but medium chain of high nutritive value also, linoleaic and linoleic acids which have potential health benefits and have potent anticarcinogenic effect were significantly higher in camel’s milk. Minerals concentration (Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Na, and K) showed insignificantly higher camel’s than cow’s milk. Heavy metal residues declared that cow’s milk showed significant higher concentration of zinc, cobalt, lead, and chromium than camel’s milk with mean values (100.02, 11.792, 8.038, and 0.98mg/kg), respectively. Generally, 100% of cow’s milk samples exceeded permissible limit of lead, zinc and Cadmium percentage in cow’s and camel’s milk exceeding permissible limit in (80%, 20%) of samples, respectively.

Evaluation of Chemical Quality of Camel’s and Cow’s Milk with Special Reference to Some Heavy Metal Residues