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The main objective of this study is to describe and characterize farming systems and type of farms for ruminants under the environmental conditions in North of Delta (Kafr El-Sheikh, G1) and Middle Egypt (Bani Swef, G2) governorates. Data were collected through visiting seven districts within each governorate. Randomly chosen 10 villages in each district. The visits were monthly and the study period was from December, 2013 to June, 2015. Data collected included type of farms, number of farm animals in each farm, feeding systems followed in winter and summer. Also, air temperature (AT C°) and relative humidity (RH %) were recording to calculate temperature humidity index (THI). Type of farms surveyed under study were classified to, smallholder (SHF), special farm (SF) and governmental farm (GF). Production system of farms were classified to three categories, milk production, and meat production and mixed of milk and meat production. The system of farms were described depending on farm animal as cows only, buffaloes only, mixed of cows and buffaloes, mixed from large ruminants as cows with small ruminants (sheep and goats) or buffaloes with small ruminants (sheep and goats). The number of farms own agricultural tenure were recorded and the percentages of these farms were 57% and 49% in G1 and G2, respectively with least squares means of 12.61±5.5 and 8.91± 6.52 Fadden., Results revealed that climatic conditions was better in middle Egypt than in north of Delta because of the low THI. Also, number of animals and number of smallholders were larger in G2 compared with G1. Small holder's percentages were 66.67% and 74.42% of the total surveyed farms in G1 and G2, respectively. Special farms percentages were 28.57% and 20.93% of the total farms in G1 and G2 in G1 and G2, respectively. The governmental farms had the lowest percentages, 4.76% and 4.65%, respectively. The number of dairy farms in G1 was higher than in G2. The fattening farms and farms of both milk and meat production were higher in G2 compared with G1. Farms of G2 depended on family labor with percentage of 57.14%, on family with help of hired labor with 19.05% and on hired labor only with 23.81%. The percentages in G1 were 45%, 12.5% and 42.5%, respectively. The most used feeding system was system (4) which includes combination of green, roughages and concentrates with percentages of 64.1% and 67.7% in winter for G1 and G2, respectively and with 66.7% and 64.7% in summer season, respectively. While the lowest system in winter was system (2), (roughages and concentrates) with 7.7% and 2.9% in G1 and G2, respectively, the lowest system used in summer was system (1) for G1 (5.1%, for green and concentrates) and system (2) for G2 (8.8%, for rough and concentrates), respectively. It is conclude that the climatic conditions in G2 best than G1 due to lower of THI in G2 that reflects of numbers the fattening farms and mixed frames (milking and fattening) were more in G2 compared with G1., Feeding and workers under G2 conditions lower of costs of compared with G1 due to depended on green forage in feeding and the workers from family .The recommendation increased farms of animal production under conditions in Middle Egypt (G2).

Descriptive Study for Farming Systems under Environmental Conditions in North of Delta and Middle Egypt