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Laboratory bioassays were performed to evaluate the susceptibility of four species of trichogrammatid egg parasitoids to the toxicity of five bio-rational insecticides used widely to control tomato leaf miner, (TLM) Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The selected parasitoids were Trichogramma evanescens (West.), T. cacoeciae (Brun), T. pretiosum (Riley), and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Nagaraja). Insecticides tested were coragen 20% SC, dipel2× 6.4%, match 50% EC, proclaim 5% EC and spintor 24% SC. Susceptibility of parasitoids to field rate of the tested insecticides were evaluated using three bioassay tests: 1) exposing parasitoid females to TLM eggs treated preexposure, 2) exposing parasitoid females to TLM eggs treated post-exposure, and 3) exposing parasitoid females to dry insecticide residue on filter paper. Results revealed that the tested insecticides showed various degree of adverse impact on all tested parasitoid species, including reduction in rates of parasitism and adult emergence when exposing parasitoids adults to host eggs treated pre or post exposure. Spintor and proclaim were the most toxic to tested parasitoids, while dipel 2× and match were slightly toxic. T. bactrae was the most tolerant parasitoid species, while T. pretiosum was the most susceptible one. Data of exposing parasitoid adults to insecticide residues indicated that proclaim had the highest toxicity against T. pretiosum at 92.5% adults’ mortality, followed by spintor against the same species at 85%. T. evanescens was more susceptible to coragen and spintor at 70 and 62.5% mortality, respectively. Meanwhile, match caused moderate toxicity, as the mortality ranged from 17.50% in T. evanescens to 37.50% in T. pretiosum.

journal of applied plant protection /journal of applied plant protection

Susceptibility of Four Trichogrammatid Parasitoids to some Bio-rational Insecticides Used to Control Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)