English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Tramadol hydrochloride (opioid) is a synthetic centrally acting analgesic agent used for treating moderate to severe pain with fewer side effects than traditional opioid medications.Aim of the work: was to study the histological and morphometric changes of the cerebral cortex in adult albino rats after tramadol hydrochloride administration and the effect of its withdrawal.Materials and Methods: Twenty four adult male albino rats were used, divided into 3 groups: a control group (I): consisted of 8 rats were furtherly subdivided into two equal subgroups: a subgroup Ia, rats were kept without any medication for 4 weeks and subgroup Ib where rats received 0.5 ml saline daily by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks.. Tramadol group (II), included 8 rats received 50 mg/kg/day of tramadol intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. Tramadol withdrawal group (III), included 8 rats received the same dose as tramadol group then kept for another 4 weeks without treatment to study the effect of its withdrawal. The obtained specimens were examined by both light and electron microscopy. Results: The tramadol group revealed loss of organization of cerebral cortex layers, some pyramidal cells exhibited pyknotic nuclei surrounded by haloes and granule cells showed karyolitic nuclei. Astrocytes showed hypertrophy of their cell bodies with increased thickness of their processes. Ultrastructurally, the pyramidal cells showed heterochromatic nuclei with marked indentations of their membranes and the myelinated axons showed splitting of myelin sheaths with swollen mitochondria in their axoplasm. Tramadol withdrawal group showed evidence of improvement as compared to the tramadol group. Conclusion: Using the therapeutic dose of tramadol hydrochloride (opioid analgesics) for a long time led to marked damaging effect on the cerebral cortex. However, its withdrawal resulted in an improvement of these hazardous effects to a lesser extent.

Cerebral Cortical Changes in Adult Albino Rats Under the Effect of Tramadol and its Withdrawal: Histological and Morphometric Study