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Phytoremediation of waters by aquatic organisms such as algae has been recently explored for the removal of organic pollutants possessing endocrine disrupting capacity. Two marine microalgae Pterocladia capillacea and Ulva lactuca were tested for tolerance and removal of chloramphenicol, clofibric acid, acetyl salicylic acid, nonylphenol and bisphenol in aqueous solutions as a single compound species at concentrations 5-60 mg/L under controlled laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that chlorophyll “a” content of both algal biomasses reduced with increasing pharmaceuticals concentrations. Chlorophyll “a “content diminished nearly to half at 45mg/l for both algal species. However, the nonylphenol and bisphenol were showed a strong inhibition of chlorophyll “a” biosynthesis at higher concentration s (50-60 mg/L). The results also revealed that both the tested algae had high capacity for bioremoval of five pharmaceuticals which, recorded in order acetyl salicylic acid > bisphenol > clofibric acid > nonylphenol > chloramphenicol. Also Pterocladia capillacea had high capacity for bioremoval of five pharmaceuticals than Ulva lactuca. The highest percentage of pharmaceuticals occurred at 12 hours of contact. Both the tested algae suffered from oxidative stress as a result of drug exposure. Our results showed elevation in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APO), catalase (CAT) levels in the tested algae after exposure to different pharmaceuticals when compared with their activities in the control.

Removal of Some Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds by the Marine Macroalgae Pterocladia capillacea and Ulva lactuca